'Domestic Violance\r'

' judge pre bewitch UNIVERSITY DEGREE CRIMINOLOGY seek Proposal?? The usage of this inquiry proposal is to address the bea of interior(prenominal) rage in heterosexual relationships and wherefore women blend in down it difficult to cave in inglorious relationships. The proposal let al 1 start with a title which basically indicates what the bill is ab let on. on that point impart be a literary productions review which covers the key literature utilize for the count; look into incertitudes for victims of municipal violence giveing withal be formulated to aid the study.The proposal leave behind address the enquiry design to be affaird as head as the rules of entropy accruement and at the same sequence emphasis give also be viewd on the rightness of the method chosen. As expected with e trulyly look the proposal get out deal with possible worrys that could be go or so and how they impart be addressed including honorable ripostes. The proposal entrust also address the timescale for this stick come to the fore outlining the look into schedule and that should be concluded with a bibliography.??Title: Womens silence to domestic violence: why nigh do no leave disgraceful relationships.?? Hypothesis: People hold the view that women who lease non to leave those opprobrious relationships ar passive.?? Aims of the investigation?? * To explore a range of well-disposed explanations for the ca maps of knowing partner violence.?? * To call up out why women get word it difficult to leave abusive relationships. ?? * To develop an enlightening framework to victims of domestic violence and enlighten them on the policies of domestic violence. ??Context of study?? This proposed study is cerebrate on the selective knowledge generated by complaisant theoretician on violence against women such as Bandura 19731who lineation the reasons why some women interpret it difficult to leave abusive husbands. Hamilton ; Coates (1993) 2 rightly declargond that women who do non leave abusive relationships atomic number 18 often pathologized and hellish for their victimization. This is what generally happens and thus the focus of attention is canted from the wrongs perpetrated by the ab purposer to people viewing the abused as passive.Several theories have been put forward to try and pardon why abused women do not leave their relationships for survey that women tend not leave because they are economically dependant on the abuser3. Also Abbott, Johnson, Koziol and Lowenstein (1995)4 suggested that characteristics of the abuser such as charm may full stop the woman from expiration the relationship. This investigate go out cover particular attention to the current social guess of women who do not leave abusive relationships are masochistic and are to blame for their situations5 and leaven out whether the theories put forward are still applicable in the novel day times.The enquiry will address this i ssue and help correct this grounded view of victims of abuse and provide useful learning on domestic violence policies and laws that could rescue victims. ?? Literature check?? Literature review is integral to this look; this will on that pointfore focus on the inquiry question and its importance. Attention will also be compensable to where there are gaps in this field of research and how they will be addressed. It is also necessary to conceive whether it is beneficial to fill these gaps and identify who has made an cause to fill them. ??The importance of the research question is that it addresses the issue of signify partner violence and how the violence is learned in the socialization of family life6 and why women tend not leave those abusive relationships. There has not been oftentimes focus on the type research that I am carrying out recently. Most of the theoretical data that I managed to get hold of was on information gathered in the early 1980s to middle 90s. Ch anges within the society as well as technology means that the above factors might not be as accurate as to why women do not leave their abusive husbands.Therefore my research is important in that fresh data from the twenty dollar bill first century will be compiled and will give a clearer view of why modern day women still quell in knockdown-dragout relationships. It will also provide a transpose in the negative social assumptions society holds of women who catch in abusive relationships and provide a shift from these assumptions. Similar research has been carried out by Dunn, 19897 , he prove that the main reason why women stay is collectible to lack of options to sufficeing to violent partners as well as the lack of support from family members.Newman, 19938 also implant that women see no point in leaving their relationships due to the lack of support by the very institutions that are supposed to provide assistance. The research aims to test this area and see whether it is still applicable. Carlson 19979 found that a history of violence tags along future frantic aspects which entrap women thus complicating the answer of leaving an abusive partner. When combined the above factors have implications on how domestic violence is interpreted and the perceptions held on women in abusive relationships.Lastly the research aims to raise awareness on domestic violence, 2007-2008 statistics by the British Crime Survey found that domestic violence cases had increased compared to statistics from 199510.?? Methodology and research design?? Research design is used to look up to the stages and processes which connect research questions to data (Punch, 1998)11 therefore the design aims to connect the research with the data. I am freeing to use the triangulation method for this research12, and this is whereby much than one method is used to gather data.According to (Brannen, 1992)13 the use of more than one method is regarded as a complementary technique which me ans that problems associated with strategy may be even off for by the strengths of the another(prenominal). The other reason why I am using the triangulation method is that different methods are appropriate in different research settings and for store different types of data. Because my research is quite complex I found this to be the best direction to get accurate research after which the results will be combines to give one conclusion to the hypothesis.The soft lot of the research will employ fishing rig-structured interviews and the denary constituent will use a postal self-importance termination questionnaire. The complementary use of these methods is a master and tried and tested methodology14. ?? To start off the research the quantitative method I am going to use for is a postal self completion questionnaire. This is whereby the respondents answer questions by completing the questionnaire themselves. The questions will be closed questions and require the respondent to circle yes, no and dont know (s international vitamin Aerele of questions attached).The purpose of this is to obtain a exemplar sample of women who will be of interest to the research who will then be called in for a semi-structured interview. The main reason for using the self-completion questionnaire is that they are considered as a way of show uping values, attitudes and behaviours of the targeted population and the data is generated in a systematic manner by providing the respondents with the same questions and recording their responses in a organized manner15 .Also they are reliable in that they eliminate the differences in the way the questions are phrased and how they are presented to the respondents. The questionnaire will record the respondents experiences of intimate partner domestic violence and find out basic background information on why women stay in abusive relationships. At this stage particular attention will be paid to respectable and safety issues that com e with intimate domestic partner violence. The questionnaire will contain a statement assuring the respondents of confidentiality alongside a mysterious code number to check off namelessness. ? I am aware of the drawbacks that come with this type of quantitative method which may include non response by some respondents. The questionnaire will include a covering garner explaining the aims of the research, its importance and why the recipient has been selected and most importantly it will feature guarantees of confidentiality. The questionnaire will be come with by a reply stamped addressed envelope and there will be a come about up on individuals who do not respond approximately three weeks after the first mailing16.This should reform the response rate and from then respondents will be called in for an in depth interview.?? For the qualitative constituent I am going to conduct semi structured interviews. The main advantage of using qualitative methods of research is that th is type of research is concerned with taking into custody how people behave the way they do therefore it allows the subjects to give â€Å" flesh out, richer” answers. This type of research also acts as a forerunner to other types of research for example quantitative research which may leave out valuable areas of research.I chose this type of method for the research because as highlighted it gives me a chance to exploit very detailed data which cannot be covered by quantitative analysis. It also uses subjective information therefore it is more representative of the women being studied. The interviews will be designed to have the pace be detected by the interviewee; the majority of the questions will be formulated in the interview which means that the interviewee is able to engage to palaver about a subject that he/she feels emotionally comfortable with.The interviews will operate in an heart-to-heart framework and there will be ii way communication between the interviewe r and interviewee which paves way for the use of emotions, the interviewer can relate to what the interviewee has been through to some extent. At the same time since this is a sensitive subject procedures of morals will be observed to ensure that the interviewees confidentiality is not breached. ?? Ethical considerations?? moral philosophy are a set of moral standards by which people ascertain their behaviour17 therefore it is the responsibility of the investigator to ensure that the research is carried out in an ethical manner.The British sociological Association 2005 (BSA)18 set out guidelines which were to be followed by researchers when carrying out research. It is essential for my research that it is clearly stated to the interviewees that they are free to withdraw from the research process anytime and at the same time it is my responsibility that the interviewees are informed about what the research process entails and what the findings will be used for.As my research will be about the sensitive topic of domestic violence it is essential that I observe these guidelines, this benefits me as the researcher as well as the interviewees safety. Ellsberg ; Heise (2002)19 highlighted that the main ethical concern related to researching violence against women is the potential to inadvertently cause distress therefore to avoid causing distress the interviews will be structured in a way that the interviewee controls the subjects to be discussed therefore will be able to discuss issues they emotionally able-bodied to. ? It is my ethical responsibility to ensure confidentiality of the participants is preserved, I will ensure that participants will not use their real names but instead they will choose a unique code which identifies them and if there is a need to pass on details to other researchers this will ensure that their identity is protected, this also extends to data that is electronically stored.I am also aware that due to the nature of qualitative rese arch methods interviewees might find themselves divulging information that they might regret later (Lee, 2003)20 so to ensure confidentiality I will break the link up between information provided and the interviewees, this way anonymity is retained. There will also be a accept form to come with the research; this will portray the interviewees rights to withdrawal at any time and assurances of anonymity as per BSA 2005. After the interviews spud place, any information on relevant agencies and organisations will be passed on to the interviewees so that they get help when and if needed. 1 ?? prohibit to performance ?? As with all research there will be obstructions to the ways in which the research is carried out as well as the way in which the data is accessed. A major problem might be that some women will not be willing to discuss issues of domestic violence for fear of retaliation by the perpetrator; the use of a confidentiality guarantee is aimed at assuring the interviewees. The use of triangulation means that the targets will be harder to achieve due to time constraints, therefore to combat this I will ensure that the research is carried out on a small scale and at the same time not putting accuracy in jeopardy.?? cadence scale of research ?? The research will take 6-9months to complete. Sending out of questionnaires will take place within the first fortnight of funding approval. The interviews are expected to take place after the data from the survey has been processed and this should be by the fifth month leaving time for results from the interviews to be processed.?? In conclusion what this research proposal has achieved is to do is highlight the elements of the research and the difficulties that are likely to be faced in the process. ?? 1 Bandura, A. (1973), Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall?? Hamilton, B. , & Coates, J. (1993): Perceived helpfulness and use of professional serve by abused women. Jour nal of family violence, 8, 313-324?? 3 Sullivan, C. , Tan, C. , Basta, J. , Rumptz, M. , & Davidson, W. (1992). An advocacy intervention program for women with abusive partners: initial evaluation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20 309-332?? 4 Abbott, J. , Johnson, R. , Koziol-McLain, J. , & Lowenstein, S. R. (1995). Domestic violence against women: Incidence and preponderance in an emergency department population. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273(22), 1763-1767?? Walker, L. E. (1984), The buffet woman syndrome, New York: custom?? 6 Kalmuss, D. (1984). The intergenerational transmission of marital aggression. Journal of conjugation and the Family, 46, 11-19?? 7 Dunn, L. L. (1989). The lived experience of fear in battered women. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Alabama at Birmingham?? 8 Newman, K. (1993). Giving up: Shelter experiences of battered women. humans Health Nursing, 10(2), 108-113?? 9 Carlson, B. E. (1997). A Stress and heading approach to intervention with abused women. Family Relations, 46, 291-298?? 10 property office statistics, http://www. omeoffice. gov. uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0708summ. pdf?? 11 Punch, K. F. (1998) Introduction to complaisant Research: Quantitative and soft Approaches. London: Sage.?? 12 Jupp, V. (1989) Methods of criminological Research. London?? 13 Brannen, J. (1992) Mixing Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Aldershot: Avebury?? 14 Sayer, A. (1992) Method in Social perception: A Realist Approach. London: Routledge?? 15 Crow, I. , & Semmens, N (2008) Chapter 5: Research by Reading In Researching Criminology, ed. Crow, I. , & Semmens, N Maidenhead, Open University Press, pp. 81-99?? 16 Bryman, A. (2004) Social Research Methods, Second Edition: Oxford University Press, New York?? 17 Lee-Treweek, G. (2000). Danger in the field: risk and ethics in social research. London: Routledge?? 18 British Sociological Association, Statement of Ethical Practice: www. b ritsoc. org. uk/about/ethic. htm?? 19 Ellsberg, M and Haise,L(2000), Bearing Witness: Ethics in domestic violence research, LanceT,Vol 359:1599-1604?? 20 Lee, R. M. (1993) Doing research on sensitive topics. SAGE. ?? 21 Arksey, H. , & Knight, P. (1999). Interviewing for social scientists: An introductory resource with examples. London: Sage\r\n'